![]() ![]() Stasz notes that in his memoirs Chaney refers to Jack London's mother Flora Wellman, as having been his "wife" and also cites an advertisement in which Flora calls herself "Florence Wellman Chaney." Most San Francisco civil records were destroyed in the 1906 earthquake (for the same reason, it is not known with certainty what name appeared on his birth certificate). Whether Wellman and Chaney were legally married is unknown. Though the family was working class, it was not so impoverished as London's later accounts claimed.īiographer Clarice Stasz and others believe that Jack London's father was astrologer William Chaney. The family moved around the Bay area before settling in Oakland, where Jack completed grade school. ![]() ![]() Late in 1876, Flora married John London, a partially disabled Civil War veteran. Because Flora was ill, Jack was raised through infancy by an ex-slave, Virginia Prentiss, who would remain a major maternal figure while the boy grew up. ![]() He was raised in Oakland by his mother Flora Wellman, a music teacher and spiritualist. Jack London, probably born John Griffith Chaney, was deserted by his father, William Henry Chaney. Like many writers of his era, London was a champion of the working class, who became a socialist early in life and promoted socialism through his work, although his work demonstrates an equal amount of London's individualism. ![]()
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